Impact of Education on Domestic Violence and Development of Women through Education

INTRODUCTION

You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women.

- Jawaharlal Nehru

“Literary education is of no value, if it is not able to build up a sound character.”

- Mahatma Gandhi

            Education has been regarded as the most significant instrument for changing women’s subjugated position in the society. It not only develops the personality and rationality of individuals, but qualifies them to fulfill certain economic, political and cultural functions and thereby improves their socio-economic status. One of the direct expectations from educational development in a society is the reduction in the inequality among individuals and that is why Education was included as the basic right of every human being in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The constitution of UNESCO also directs its efforts to achieve `The ideal of equality of educational opportunity without regard to race, sex or any distinction, economic or social’.

            Domestic Violence (sometimes referred to as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. Domestic violence often refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants and non-married intimate partners. Domestic violence occurs in all cultures; people of all races, ethnicities, religions, sexes and classes can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by both men and women, occurring in both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships.  

What Is Domestic Violence?

            Domestic violence is controlling behaviour and includes all kinds of physical, sexual and emotional abuse within all kinds of intimate relationships. The perpetrators of domestic violence or abuse are usually men and the victims or survivors are usually women and children that they know. It includes:

• Punching and slapping

• Kicking and hair pulling

• Biting and pinching

• Pushing and shoving

• Being forced to have sex

• Being beaten or cut with other objects

• Disrespect, neglect and emotional blackmail

• Verbal abuse and swearing

• Being prevented from going out or seeing people – being isolated

• Lying, harassment and putting pressure on you through threats

            1:4 women experience domestic violence at some point in their lives and 1:10 will be experiencing domestic violence today

WOMEN VIOLENCE IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA

            Over 37 per cent married women in the country were victims of physical or sexual abuse by their husbands with Bihar topping the list. Women in Himachal Pradesh faced less violence at home compared to other states in the country. The latest National Family Health Survey-III found that 37.2 per cent women had experienced violence and cited lack of education as the key reason behind their woes. “Women with no education were much more likely than other women to have suffered spousal violence. However, spousal abuse also extends to women who have secondary or higher secondary level education, with 16 per cent reporting abuse,” the survey said.

            The survey showed that countrywide more women face violence in rural areas (40.2) as compared to those in the urban areas (30.4).

            In Bihar, women in urban areas fared worse than those in rural areas. While 62.2 per cent underwent the trauma in urban areas, it was 58.5 per cent women in villages.

            It is followed by Rajasthan (46.3) Madhya Pradesh (45.8), Tripura (44.1), Manipur (43.9), Uttar Pradesh (42.4), Tamil Nadu (41.9), West Bengal (40.3) and Arunachal Pradesh (38.8).

            Among the metros, the fairer sex was better off in Delhi (16.3) and Mumbai (19.5) recorded relatively low percentage as compared to Chennai (40.6) and Kolkata (26.7).

            Nearly, 17 per cent women in Goa have experienced violence, with 17.2 women in rural areas at the receiving end as compared to 16.4 per cent women in urban areas.

            In Chhattisgarh, a total of 30 per cent women suffered at the hands of their husbands, while in Jharkhand, the figure was 37 per cent. About 40.8 per cent women in Jharkhand villages found the going tough as compared to 24.6 per cent in the urban areas.

            In the hill state of Uttarakhand, nearly 28 per cent women experienced violence, with those in villages (29.8) fared worse than their urban counterparts (22.8). After Himachal Pradesh, women fared relatively better in Jammu and Kashmir (12.6), Meghalaya (13.1), Nagaland (15.4), Sikkim (16.5) and Kerala (16.4).

Other states where women find themselves vulnerable are Assam (39.6), Arunachal Pradesh (38.8), Orissa (38.5), Maharashtra (30.7), Andhra Pradesh (35.2), Haryana (27.3), Gujarat (27.6) Punjab (25.4), Mizoram (22.5) and Karnataka (20).

CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA

·        One crime against women every three minutes

·        One rape every 29 minutes

·        One dowry death case every 77 minutes

·        One case of cruelty by husband and relatives every nine minutes

·        Once suicide every 240 minutes.

Source: National Crime Records Bureau       

CHILD VIOLENCE

           Children are the nation’s assets. A happy child will make his/her home and the country happy. The future of any country depends upon the right upbringing of its children, for which a congenial environment and adequate opportunities for wholesome development are essential.

According to UNICEF’s  “The State of the World’s Children,” report for 2006, one-third of the world’s children lack adequate shelter, 31% lack basic sanitation and 21% have no access to clean, potable water.  Illness, malnutrition, and premature death are common when children lack the most basic protection.

            A government commissioned survey has found that more than 53 per cent of children in India are subjected to sexual abuse, but most don’t report the assaults to anyone.

            The survey, released last April and which covered different forms of child abuse physical, sexual and emotional as well as female child neglect, found that two out of every three children have been physically abused.

            Parents and relatives, persons known to the child or in a position of trust and responsibility were mostly found to be the perpetrators of child sexual abuse in the country. According to the women and child development ministry-sponsored report, which assumes greater significance in the backdrop of the Nithari killings that brought into focus the issue of children’s safety, those in the age group of 5-12 years reported higher levels of abuse.

            While releasing the survey, Women and Child Development Minister Renuka Chowdhury said, “Child abuse is shrouded in secrecy and there is a conspiracy of silence around the entire subject. The ministry is working on a new law for protection of children’s rights by clearly specifying offences against children and stiffening punishments.”

            The survey carried out across 13 states and with a sample size of 12,447, revealed that 53.22 per cent of children reported having faced one or more forms of sexual abuse, with Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and Delhi reporting the highest percentage of such incidents. In 50 per cent of child abuse cases, the abusers were known to the child or were in a position of trust and responsibility and most children did not report the matter to anyone.

            The survey, sponsored by WCD ministry and carried out by the NGO Prayas in association with UNICEF and Save the Children, found that more than 50 per cent children were subjected to one or the other form of physical abuse and more boys than girls were abused physically. The first-ever survey on child abuse in the country disclosed that nearly 65 per cent of school children reported facing corporal punishment beatings by teachers mostly in government schools.

            Of children physically abused in families, in 88.6 per cent of the cases, it was the parents who were the perpetrators. More than 50 per cent had been sexually abused in ways that ranged from severe such as rape or fondling to milder forms of molestation that included forcible kissing.

            The study also interviewed 2,324 young adults between the ages of 18 and 24, almost half of whom reported being physically or sexually abused as children. When it comes to emotional abuse, every second child was subjected to emotional assault and in 83 per cent of the cases, parents were the abusers.

Children living with domestic violence may:

• Express behavioural problems.

• Be more likely to truant or have difficulties at school.

• Turn to alcohol or drugs.

• Self-harm or attempt suicide.

            According to the NSPCC (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) of Children living with domestic violence:

Ø      100% are emotionally abused.

Ø      48% are psychologically abused.

Ø      26% are physically abused.

Ø      13% are accidentally injured.

Ø      7% are sexually abused.

Recent figures from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) show that:

v     Globally, 1 in 6 children work.

v     218 million children aged 5 – 17 are involved in child labour world wide.

v     126 million children work in hazardous conditions.

v     The highest numbers of child labourers are in the Asia/Pacific region, where there are 122 million working children.

v     The highest proportion of child labourers is in Sub Saharan Africa, where 26% of children (49 million) are involved in work.

DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH EDUCATION       

        Education is the process of instruction aimed at the all round development of boys and girls. Education dispels ignorance. It is the only wealth that cannot be robbed. Learning includes the moral values and the improvement of character and the methods to increase the strength of mind.

            Once the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru said, “you can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women”. This is absolutely true. Woman of any nation is the mirror to its civilization. If women enjoy good status it shows that the society has reached a level of maturity and sense of responsibility while a decadent image conjures up if the opposite is true. The story of Indian women is as old as the history of Indian civilization.

            Kumud Sharma of the Centre for Women’s Development Studies in New Delhi traced the correlation between education and domestic violence to patriarchal attitudes. “Educated women are aware of their rights,” she said. “They are no longer willing to follow commands blindly. When they ask questions, it causes conflicts, which, in turn, leads to violence. In many Indian states, working women are asked to hand over their paycheck to the husband and have no control over their finances. So, if they stop doing so or start asserting their right, there is bound to be friction.”

Female Literacy in India

            According to last census held in 2001, the percentage of female literacy in the country is 54.16%. The literacy rate in the country has increased from 18.33% in 1951 to 65.38% as per 2001 census. The female literacy rate has also increased from 8.86% in 1951 to 54.16%. It is noticed that the female literacy rate during the period 1991-2001 increased by 14.87% whereas male literacy rate rose by 11.72%. Hence the female literacy rate actually increased by 3.15% more compared to male literacy rate.

WOMEN UNIVERSITIES IN INDIA

Ø      Andhra Pradesh

      Sri Padmavati University, Tirupati

Ø      Delhi

      Lady Shri Ram College for Women, Lajpat Nagar

Ø      Maharashtra

      SNDT Women’s University, Mumbai

Ø      Rajasthan

      Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali

Ø      Tamil Nadu

      Stella Maris College, Chennai

      Women’s Christian College, Chennai

      Madura College, Madurai        

            It is necessary to establish some more universities and colleges for women in India. Education is a solution for any type of problem in the society. Education gives strength, power and character. Education helps to improve economic position also in the society.

            The number of women job seekers has increased from 99.3 lacs in 1999 to 106.1 lacs in 2004. Thus the percentage of women job seekers to the total job-seekers has also increased from 24.6per cent in 1999 to 26.2per cent in 2004.

Table 1: Number of Women Job Seekers

Year

Number of Women (in lacs)

Percentage to total

1999

99.3

24.6

2000

104.5

25.3

2001

108.8

25.9

2002

106.0

25.9

2003

107.5

26.0

2004

106.1

26.0

      Number of Educated Women Job Seekers as on December 2004 was 7537.7 thousand. Educated Women at the end of 2004 accounted for 25.8per cent of the total educated job-seekers.

Table 2: Number of Educated Women Job Seekers

Year

Number of Women

Percentage to total

2000

7911.7

27.1

2001

8525.6

28.1

2002

7921.4

26.8

2003

8032.4

26.6

2004

7537.7

25.8

Vision of National Commission for Women

            Dr.( Miss. ) Girija Vyas took over as Chairperson of the National Commission for Women on 16th February, 2005.

            The Indian Women of Today Culturally rooted, Globally oriented Healthy, Educated, Self Reliant Secure in her Home and Safe Outside With Access to all the Rights of a Citizen With Opportunity to Contribute in all walks of life.

MODERN INDIAN WOMEN

            The status of women in modern India is a sort of a paradox. If on one hand she is at the peak of ladder of success, on the other hand she is mutely suffering the violence afflicted on her by her own family members. As compared with past women in modern times have achieved a lot but in reality they have to still travel a long way. Their path is full of roadblocks. The women have left the secured domain of their home and are now in the battlefield of life, fully armored with their talent. They had proven themselves. But in India they are yet to get their dues. The sex ratio of India shows that the Indian society is still prejudiced against female. There are 933 females per thousand males in India according to the census of 2001, which is much below the world average of 990 females. There are many problems which women in India have to go through daily. These problems have become the part and parcel of life of Indian women and some of them have accepted them as their fate.

FIRST WOMAN OF INDIA

            Women had played an important role in the Modern World. Here are some of the most successful & first women of the world, who lead a Nation, a Party, a State, etc.

·        First woman President of Indian National Congress — Annie Besant (1917)

·        First Indian woman President of Indian National Congress — Sarojini Naidu (1925)

·        First woman Ambassador from India — Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (to USSR from1947-49)

·        First woman Governor of an Indian State — Sarojini Naidu (UP from 1947-48)

·        First woman Minister of an Indian State — Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (UP)

·        First Mayor of Delhi — Aruna Asif Ali (1958)

·        First woman Central Minister — Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

·        First woman Film star to be a member of Rajya Sabha — Nargis Dutt

·        First woman Chief Minister of an Indian State — Sucheta Kriplani (UP from 1963-67)

·        First woman Prime Minister of India — Indira Gandhi (1966-77 & 1980-84)

·        First woman Speaker of an Indian State — Shano Devi

·        First woman winner of the Bharat Ratna — Indira Ghandi (1971)

·        First woman Judge of the Supreme Court — Justice M Fatima Bevi (1989)

·        First woman Chief Justice of a High Court — Leila Seth (CJ of Himachal Pradesh 1991)

·        India’s officially recognized billionth citizen — Aastha (Born on May 11, 2000 at ND)

CONCLUSIONS

            Indian women have mastered anything and everything which a woman can dream of. But she still has to go a long way to achieve equal status in the minds of Indian men. The desire of Indian women can be best summed up in the following lines of ‘Song of an African Women’:

I have only one request.
I do not ask for money
Although I have need of it,
I do not ask for meat . . .
I have only one request,
And all I ask is
That you remove
The road block
From my path.

            Educate all the children in the family. Education is the most powerful instrument for the development of women and children in the society.8th March is observed as International Women’s Day. It is necessary to celebrate International Women’s Day every year in a grand manner. Our present president Pratibha Patil is also a woman. It is the power and credit of woman. It is also very important to celebrate Children’s Day on November 14th and Mother’s day.  

Reference:

1.      National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2001). The National Reading Panel: Reports of the Subgroups.

2.      UNESCO Institute for Statistics: Literacy rates, youth (15-24) and adult (15+), by region and gender (September 2006 Assessment).

3.   Heilbroner, R. L. (1995) Visions of the future: the distant past, yesterday, today,      

     and tomorrow (New York: Oxford University Press).

4.   Child and Women Development Report, (2006), Ministry of Women and Child  

      Development, Government of India, New Delhi.

5.    National Family Health Survey, (2006), Government of India, New Delhi.

6.    National Crime Records Bureau, (2007), Government of India, New Delhi.

7.   Census of India, (2001), Government of India, New Delhi.

.

*****

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Name:Naraginti Amareswar reddy Father Name: N.M.Reddy Sex: Male Date of Birth: 10th Fed 1981 Ed Qua: M.Sc., M.Ed., research scholar in the dept. of education, sri venkateswara university, tirupati, india. e-mail ID: amareswaran@gmail.com

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John Dalton, the son of a weaver, was born into a devoutly religious family. At the age of 12, Dalton began teaching in a Quaker school and developed an interest in science. He was most interested in meteorology and kept a lifelong daily journal of atmospheric conditions for his hometown of Manchester, England. By all accounts, Dalton was not an inspiring teacher, and he was hindered as a researcher by being color-blind. He had only a minimal education and limited finances, but he compensated his deficiencies with meticulous and persistent work habits. Dalton’s daily study of the weather led him to conclude, like Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton before him, that the air was made up of gas particles.

Color is a property of light that depends on the frequency of light waves. In most cases, when people talk about light, they are referring to white light. The best example of white light is ordinary sunlight: light that comes from the Sun. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy carried by waves. The term “electromagnetic radiation” refers to a vast range of energy waves, including gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radar, and radio waves. Of all these forms, only one can be detected by the human eye: visible light. White light and colors are closely related. The word “color” actually refers to the light of a particular color, such as red light, yellow light, or blue light. The color of a light beam depends on just one factor: the wavelength of the light. Light can be seen only when it reflects off some object. For example, as we look out across a field, we cannot see beams of light passing through the air, but we can see the green of trees, the brown of fences, and the yellow petals of flowers because of light reflected by these objects.

Color effects occur in many different situations in the natural world. For example, the swirling colors in a soap bubble are produced by interference, a process in which light is reflected from two different surfaces very close to each other. The soap bubble is made of a very thin layer of soap: the inside and outside surfaces are less than a millimeter away from each other. When light strikes the bubble, then, it is reflected from both the outer surface and from the inside surface of the bubble. The two reflected beams of light interfere with each other in such a way that some wavelengths of light are reinforced, while others are canceled out. It is by this mechanism that the colors of the soap bubble are produced.

Color blindness is a condition in which people have mild to severe difficulty identifying colors. Color blind people may not be able to recognize various shades of colors and, in some cases, cannot recognize colors at all. When we say that a person is color blind, we do not mean that he/ she can’t see any color at all. It means that color blind people have trouble in seeing the difference between certain colors. Most color-blind people can’t tell the difference between red and green. To understand what causes color blindness, we need to know about the cones in our eyes. These cones are cells on our retina. We have “red,” “blue,” and “green” cones, which are sensitive to those colors and combinations of them. We need all three types to see colors properly. When our cones don’t work properly, or we don’t have the right combination, our brain doesn’t get the right message about which colors we’re seeing. To someone who’s color-blind, a green leaf might look tan or gray. Color blindness is almost always an inherited which means we get it from our parents. Eye doctors test for color blindness by showing a picture made up of different colored dots. If a person can’t see the picture or number within the dots, he or she may be color-blind. Boys are far more likely to be color-blind.

. John Dalton, in common with his brother, confused scarlet with green and pink with blue which he himself described in 1794. Dalton supposed that his vitreous humor was tinted blue, selectively absorbing longer wavelengths. He instructed that his eyes should be examined after his death, but the examination revealed that the humors were perfectly clear. Dalton accepted an honorary degree from Oxford dressed in a scarlet robe when wearing a scarlet was prohibited by his Quaker faith as he could not  rationalize the actual color of the robe, due to his color blindness, instead he  saw the ceremonial robe as gray, and had no reason to think that  he was  violating the Quaker doctrine.

The Quakers, is a movement that began in England in the 18th century. The word “Quaker” means to tremble in the way of the Lord. In its early days it faced opposition but it continued to expand, extending into many parts of the world. The Society of Friends has been influential in the history of the world. During the 19th century Friends in the United States suffered a number of separations. These separations have resulted in the formation of different branches of the Society of Friends. Despite the separations, Friends remain united in their commitment to discover truth and promote it. There are a large number of Quakers in the world today, the overwhelming majority of them Evangelicals in Africa and Latin America.

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In a developing nation like India with over a billion populations, it is important to have facility which provides free education to poor children. Even the economy is growing fast, though sometimes the markets get into bullish mode, but overall it’s every where declared that India is the future global leader, a thing that makes every Indian feel proud. But if some one cares to look around, then one grows a little skeptic about the development one gets to hear of. You can notice lots of poor people around who are not getting those basic facilities that we usually take for granted. The condition that strikes terror in anyone’s heart are the poor children of these poor people whose future as well as the present is so dark.

With no financial support or a proper place to live, without the guarantee of three time food, they have to start working at a very early age, when they should have been in some school. Those who are not working or begging for living are left for the day by their parents in the street to fend for themselves. Their parents too don’t have an option other than these. Sending to school to receive the primary education is adopted by few parents, but most of them ignore this and put their kids to work some where. Life has not allowed these children to have a choice to choose the way of education. But does that mean those of us who have given the opportunity to help someone turn a blind eye on this problem saying that it’s not our headache to provide for others who are less fortunate than us. It’s the work of the state administration. After all we dream of making this world a better place to live. So, start lending help in achieving that target.

To start with, it would be better if we start concentrating towards providing free education to those who cannot afford it. Setting up education societies would be a very good idea where poor children will be provided with free education and other facilities like medical facilities, sports kits, stationery and clothing kits for free which lead to an all round development of the children.

Whether you are living in India or abroad, your contribution in some good and dedicated charitable organization working for providing free education would bring cheers in the life of lots of little children who would be living a miserable life other wise. Guru Nanak Garib Niwaj Education Society is founded by Baba Amar Singh Ji is working towards this goal.

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We have gone from the orange and greens of the 60’s & 70’s through to the disasters of the 80’s and 90’s where we couldn’t decide between wood, laminate, plastic or glass.

Colour is now allowing us to express ourselves within our homes and businesses in a way that we have never been able to before, allowing us to make dramatic and stylish transformations.

Generation Y introduced us to the statement ‘Based on what? …’ Their questioning of why we do what we do.

Lounge rooms always had wooden furniture, floral arm chairs and small white Venetian blinds behind curtains. That was how it was … Based on what? ….

Nurseries had to have white or pastel walls and curtains …. Based on what?

As we have become more educated and confident in our approach to life, and thanks to the internet exposing us to other views, we are now more adventurous and experimental in our approach to many things in life – not the least of which is interior design.

The answer to Based on What for the 21st century is based on personal taste, availability of information and product. It is a desire to be different from our predecessors who were safe and limited in their outlook.

Blinds and window furnishings have certainly come a long way in the last 20 years and certainly the styles; colour and fabric choices of today far surpass those of the 60’s and 70’s.

Splashes of colour and style can be so easily be achieved with window furnishings. From wooden blinds and shutters through to over 20 different colours in verticals, roman blinds and venetians, the possibilities are endless and extremely exciting.

Just think about it; Alabaster, Apricot, Ash Blue, Brandy Rose, Beige, Cedar, Coco, Caramel, Charcoal, Chino, Evergreen, Fern, Latte, Mocca, Parmesan, Peach, Royal Blue, Rust, Sage, Slate, Spearmint, Taupe, Teak, Terracotta, Wedgewood …. The colour choices offered by Cheapa-Blinds will amaze you.

You need to consider your blinds to be just as much a feature of your room as any piece of artwork or centre piece. This means when you are considering spotlighting, also consider a feature window with beautiful window furnishings and make it a lighting feature of the room. Blinds can look quite interesting turned into feature blinds with casual but direct lighting. When the blinds are lit up by spot lights, the colours glow even more. Remember, they are not only practical, they are beautiful.

Interior Designers will tell you that one of the most cost effective ways to transform a room is with colour. Colour in the walls, colour in the furnishings and colour in your blinds. Selected to compliment each other and bring out the best in the room, you can go from dull and drab to stylish and exciting for a relatively small investment.

So whether it is to spruce up your home for sale, do your own renovation make over, or just to give yourself and your room/s a touch of spring freshness, think about the life and energy that your coloured blinds can bring into your life. You will thank yourself (and Cheapa-Blinds) for taking that first step; for many years to come.

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Lola

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It is a wellknown fact that women in India are the victims of various multi dimensional problems and also the most vulnerable group because of the social structure and at present scenario there is an urgent need for concrete efforts. Indian women has been one of the major impediments in the way of womens empowerments. Illiteracy and semi- Illiteracy keep women in perpetual state of assettleness. Even for effective implementation of innumerable development programmes sponsored by the government and non-government sector the educated women in the work force are a must.

India has a high number of highly disciplined educated and professionally competent pool of women and has a law of universal primary education, if focus is given to higher education especially of women will surely give India a bright future. An educational institution has to face global competitions and inter national collaborations.

Education should look into physical, mental, intellectual, emotional spiritual values for growth and development. Though the primary stakeholders are teachers and students, there is an influence on them from the secondary stakeholders they are parents, society, management, government, employers etc

Three important aspects in the quality enhancement of education for women is

1. Confirm to requirements

2. Requirements keep on increasing

3. Quality enhancement is continuous

The education should focus to raise consciousness, motivate, articulate and make women self-reliant to participate. For effective educational work, the teacher and learner should be involved in policy planning and effective execution of development. Gender blindness of most of the decision-making institutions and professional bodies demand intervention, without adequate teaching material has caused lot of inconveniences to teachers and students.

Teachers accompanying learners in their growth and development:

The art and science of teaching should include a worldview and vision of the ideal human person to be educated. The teacher’s primary role to facilitate the growing relationship of the learner to truth, particularly in the matter of the subject being studied. The teacher creates the conditions, lays the foundations and provides the opportunities for the continual interplay of the students’ experience, reflection and action to occur.

A challenge to a teacher is to formulate questions that will broaden students’ awareness and impel them to consider view –points of others. To make teaching learner centered the learning process must include a pre-learning element, that of context, and a post learning element, that of evaluation. Personal knowledge and care of the student by the teacher is equally important as it is the hallmark of good education. A conducive environment and commitment to values, from the learner’s point of view- readiness to learn and readiness to grow should be taken into consideration.

Learning experience should be the development of the more complex learning skills of understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

Reflection is the process where by the learner makes he learning experiences her own, gets the meaning of the learning experience for self and for others. A thoughtful reconsideration of some subject matter, experience, idea, purpose reaction, in order to grasp its significance more fully is essential.

If learning were to stop at experience, it would not be integral for it would lack the component of reflection where in the learner are impelled to consider the human meaning and significance of what they study and to integrate that meaning as responsible learners who grow as persons of competence, conscience and compassion.

The term action refers to internal human growth based upon experience that has been reflected upon as well as its manifestation externally. Involving interiorized choices and choices externally manifested. The student’s attitude, priorities, commitments, habits, values, ideals, internal human growth flowing out into action for others is most essential.

Periodic evaluation of a student’s growth in attitudes, priorities and actions consistent with being a person for others is essential.

Thus to conclude the basic elements of cooperative learning are:

·        Positive interdependence

·        Face to face interaction

·        Individual accountability

·        Interpersonal and small group skills

·        Group processing

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You need to constantly be aware of when you are on the road are blind spots, yours and the other drivers, you don’t want anybody to be driving in your blind spots and you certainly don’t want to be driving in other drivers blind spots. For more Driver’s Ed tips visit www.Driveredtogo.com

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About Author

Ajith D’ Souza, Lecturer PG Dept of Social Work, Alva’s College of Social Work, Moodbidri. Involved in Varius Social Welfare activities through Asha Jyothi Charitable Trust, Surathkal.

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